Pages

Showing posts with label health articles. Show all posts
Showing posts with label health articles. Show all posts

Friday, July 16, 2010

0 How To Safely And Quickly Treat Angular Cheilitis


post by ableh

If you are looking for a way to safely, quickly, and naturally treat Angular Cheilitis, there is some very good news. Nobody has to suffer needlessly from an infection that is completely preventable.

Sores, inflammation, and cracks around the corners of the mouth are classic signs of this condition. Angular Cheilitis, also known as Stomitis or Perleche, is a condition that causes painful and embarrassing sores. It can also prove to be very difficult to cure. These sores make social interaction awkward and distressing.

The lesions that result often vary based on size and where they are located. Sores on corner of the mouth are prone to split when the mouth is opened to talk or eat, resulting in painful splits along each corner of the mouth that resemble paper cuts.

Topical Treatments

The typical solution found prescribed by family doctors involves prescribing a 1% hydro cortisone cream. The problem with this solution is that is doesn't work for many people. It also is very expensive.

Although Angular Cheilitis is neither a contagion or dangerous, the self-consciousness it causes in the sufferer cannot be measured. The symptoms of the condition manifest themselves right on the face, so there is no way to hide the condition. When the condition is in full force, ulcers are clearly visible along the corners of the mouth, the lips appear chapped, and crusty white areas are noticeable around the lip corners.

Underlying Cause

Angular Cheilitis is considered a fungal infection. The germs that cause the affliction naturally live in the affected areas. Theses germs flare up during a cold snap or when other certain conditions are present, such as a continual licking of the lips.

Understanding the fact that these germs are always present in the affected areas is what leads to the ultimate cure.

A common misunderstanding is that Angular Cheilitis is a symptom of the flu. This is because the condition usually flares up during the winter months or a cold snap. The body's immune system can be weakened and the bacteria that normally live in harmony within the body get the opportunity to grow and spread. This, in turn, creates the symptoms sufferers are all too familiar with - sores, lesions, chapped lips, and splits along the corners of the mouth.

Denture wearers are particularly prone to Angular Cheilitis. This is usually the result of ill-fitting dentures. An improper angular alignment of the dentures can cause the mouth to close further than necessary, which produces small skin folds around the corners of the mouth. This creates a situation that is an ideal breeding ground for an infection to grow and spread.

People that have recently put on extra weight are also at risk. The additional fat around the cheeks create small folds around the corners of the mouth, which, in turn, invite the infection.

The Lasting Cure

A lasting solution for Angular Cheilitis is found by treating the underlying cause - the fungal bacteria. When the cause is removed, you should no longer suffer future outbreaks. Until you can properly target and address the underlying cause for your unique situation, there are still ways to quickly get rid of the bacteria that cause the painful and embarrassing cuts, sores, and lesions around your lips and mouth.

There are a few very good all-natural methods available that aim to quickly control and eliminate the fungal bacteria causing the infection. If you have tried antibiotics, special creams, or other high priced pharmaceutical drugs with little success, you may want to consider using some simple ingredients commonly found in your kitchen or bathroom.

Fungal bacteria cannot survive without moisture present. The treatments involve depriving the bacteria of the environment they need to live. Once this is accomplished, you may be amazed and relieved to see just how quickly the sores, lesions, cuts disappear.

Attacking the situation directly using these means takes the load off an overwhelmed immune system. A weakened immune system is what allowed the infection to grow and spread to begin with. These treatments are designed to build back up your body's natural defenses.

Do These Treatments Work For Everyone?

The ingredients prescribed in the treatments are designed to be safe and effective for everyone. This means the methods advised are safe for children, adults, and the elderly. However, if your problem is the result of misaligned dentures, you should see a dentist to have them properly fitted as soon as possible. Also, if your condition is the result of sudden weight gain, you'll need to take steps to get this under control.

There are no chemicals or substances in these natural solutions. The methods take less than a few minutes to implement and can be repeated as often as you like without the risk for side effects. As stated earlier, you will find many of the ingredients lying around your house, so you may not even need to buy anything.

Monday, May 31, 2010

1 Tuberculosis (TB)


DEFINITIONS
Tuberculosis is a contagious infection and can be fatal, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium africanum.

Tuberculosis showed that the disease most often caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but sometimes caused by M.bovis or M.africanum.
Other bacteria that cause diseases like tuberculosis, but not contagious and most provide a poor response to drugs very effective treatment for tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis is spread through contaminated air by the bacterium M. tuberculosis.
Udar contaminated by bacteria due to active tuberculosis bacteria through coughing and release the bacteria can survive in air for several hours.
Fetus can be infected from their mothers before or during the delivery process by inhaling or swallowing of contaminated amniotic fluid. Babies can be infected by inhaling air containing the bacteria.
In developing countries, children infected by other mikobakterium that causes tuberculosis. This organism called M. bovis, which can be spread through milk is not sterilized.

Immune system of someone who is infected by tuberculosis bacteria are usually destroyed or held at the site of infection. Sometimes the bacteria are not destroyed but remains in the form of inactive (dormant) inside macrophages (a type of white blood cells) for many years.
Approximately 80% of tuberculosis infections caused by bacteria that dormant back. Bacteria that live in the scar tissue caused by previous infection (usually on top of one or both of the lungs) begin breeding. Pengaktivan these dormant bacteria can occur if the patient's immune system is declining (eg because of AIDS, use of corticosteroids or elderly).

Usually someone who is infected with tuberculosis has a 5% chance to experience an active infection within 1-2 years.
-The development of tuberculosis in each person varies, depending on various factors: Ethnic: tuberculosis developed more rapidly in blacks and Native Americans
- The immune system: an active infection more often and more quickly occur in people with AIDS. People with AIDS have a 50% chance of suffering utnuk active infection within 2 months. If bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, the possibility of death in patients with AIDS and tuberculosis within two months amounted to 50%.

Active tuberculosis usually begins in the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis).
Tuberculosis which attacks parts of the body (extrapulmonary TB) usually originates from pulmonary tuberculosis that has spread through blood. Infection may not cause disease, but the bacteria remain dormant life in the small scar tissue.

Tuberculosis milier
Tuberculosis can be fatal can happen if a large number of bacteria spreads throughout the body via the bloodstream. This is called TB infection milier, because it causes the formation of millions of small-sized wounds millet (bird food).
Milier tuberculosis symptoms can be very vague and difficult to recognize, namely in the form of weight loss, fever, chills, weak, unwell and respiratory disorders.
If the attack bone marrow, severe anemia can occur and other blood disorders, resembling leukemia.
The release of bacteria at any time into the bloodstream from a hidden injury can cause fever, loss arose, accompanied by a gradual weight loss.

CAUSE
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium africanum.

SYMPTOMS
Initially only patients feeling unwell or coughing.
In the morning, cough can be accompanied by a little green or yellow sputum. Number of sputum usually be increased, in line with the development of disease. In the end, will be colored red with sputum containing blood.

One of the most common symptom is night sweats. Patients are often awakened at night because his body drenched in sweat so that clothing or even sepreinya must be replaced.

Shortness of breath is a sign of air (pneumothorax or fluid (pleural effusion) in the pleural cavity.
About a third of infections found in the form of pleural effusion.

In a new tuberculosis infection, bacteria move from the wound in the lungs to the lymph nodes originating from the lungs. If the body's natural defense system can control the infection, the infection will not continue and the bacteria become dormant.
In children, the lymph nodes become large and pressing the bronchial tubes and cause coughing or even may cause lung contraction. Sometimes the bacteria got into the channel and formed a group of lymph nodes in the neck. Infection in the lymph nodes can penetrate skin and produce pus.

Tuberculosis can attack organs besides the lungs and a condition termed extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Parts of the body most often affected are the kidneys and bones.
Renal tuberculosis can only produce few symptoms, but the infection can destroy part of the kidney. Then tuberculosis can spread to the bladder.


In men, infection can also spread to the prostate, seminal vesicles and epididymis, causing the formation of lumps in the penis sac.
In women, tuberculosis can attack the ovaries and the channels, resulting in sterility. From the ovary, the infection can spread to the lining of the abdominal cavity and cause peritonitis, tuberculosis, with symptoms such as fatigue, abdominal pain, tenderness accompanied by mild to severe pain resembling appendicitis.

Infection can spread to joints, causing arthritis, tuberculosis.
Inflamed and painful joints. The most commonly affected are the hip and knee joints, but can also attack the wrist bones, hands and elbows.

Tuberculosis can infect the skin, intestines and adrenal glands.
Infection of the aortic wall (main artery) caused aortic rupture.
Infection of the pericardium causes tuberculosis pericarditis, where perikardiuim stretched by the fluid. This fluid can interfere with the ability of the heart in pumping blood. Symptoms include fever, neck vein dilation and shortness of breath.

Infection at the base of the brain called tuberculosis meningitis.
Symptoms include fever, persistent headache, nausea and decreased awareness. Very stiff neck so your chin can not be brought closer to the chest.
Sometimes after meningitisnya improved, will form a mass in the brain, called tuberkuloma. Tuberkuloma can cause muscle weakness (as happens in a stroke) and must be removed surgically.

In children, the bacteria can infect the spine and the tip of the long bones of the arm and leg.
If these conditions are not addressed, could have happened to collapse at one or two back bones that can lead to paralysis.

In developing countries, tuberculosis bacteria can be spread through contaminated milk and live in the lymph nodes in the neck or in the small intestine.
Mucous membranes of the digestive tract are resistant to bacteria, because it was new infections occur when bacteria are in a very large quantity or if there is disruption of the immune system.
Intestinal tuberculosis may not cause symptoms, but causes abnormal tissue growth in the infected area, which could be misinterpreted as cancer.

DIAGNOSIS
Which is often a preliminary indication of tuberculosis is the chest x-rays. This disease appears as white areas of irregular shape with a black background.
X-rays can also show pleural effusion or enlargement of the heart (pericarditis).

Diagnostic tests for tuberculosis are:

1. Tuberculin skin test, injecting small amounts of protein derived from TB bacteria into the
layers of skin (usually in the arm).
2 days later were observed in the injection area, if there's
redness pembengkakand, then the result is positive.
2. Examination of sputum, body fluids or infected tissue. With a needle, a liquid sample taken
from the chest, abdomen, joints or about the heart.
Biopsy may be necessary to obtain
samples of infected tissue.

To confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis meningitis, polymerase chain reaction examination (PCR) to liquid serebrospinalis.
To ensure renal tuberculosis, PCR can be performed on urine, x-ray examination of the patient or with a special dye to describe any abnormal masses or cavities caused by tuberculosis. Sometimes it is necessary that the mass sampling to differentiate between cancer and tuberculosis.

To confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the female reproductive organs, pelvic examination was performed through laparoscopy.
In certain cases the necessary examination of liver tissue samples, lymph nodes or bone marrow.

TREATMENT
There are five types that can be used antibotik.
An active pulmonary tuberculosis infections often contain a billion or more bacteria, thus providing a kind of drugs would leave thousands of organisms that really resistant to the drug. Therefore, at least, given two different drugs having different mechanism of action and both drugs together this will destroy all bacteria.

Once patients completely recovered, treatment should be continued, because it takes a long time to destroy all bacteria and to reduce the possibility of recurrence.

Antibiotics are most often used are isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin and ethambutol.

Isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide can be combined in one capsule, thus reducing the number of pills that must be swallowed by the patient.
All three of these drugs can cause nausea and vomiting due to its effect on the liver. If nausea and vomiting occur, hence the use of drugs should be discontinued until liver function tests.
If the liver function tests showed a reaction to one of the three drugs, the drugs in question are usually replaced with another drug.

Ethambutol giving begins with a relatively high dose to help reduce the number of bacteria immediately. After two months, the dose is decreased to avoid side effects harmful to the eyes.
Streptomycin is the first drug effective against tuberculosis, but must be given in the form of injections. If given in high doses or continued use until more than three months, streptomycin can cause loss of hearing and balance.

If people actually follow the treatment regularly, so no need for surgery to remove part of lung.
Sometimes surgery to remove pus or correct spinal deformity due to tuberculosis.

PREVENTION
-There are several ways to prevent tuberculosis: eradication of bacteria ultraviolet rays, can be used in places where a group of people with various diseases have to sit together for several hours (eg in hospital, the emergency waiting room). This light can kill bacteria present in the air.
- Isoniazid is very effective when given to people with high risk of tuberculosis, such as health care workers with positive tuberculin test results, but the X rays did not show any disease. Isoniazid taken daily for 6-9 months.

Pulmonary tuberculosis patients who are undergoing treatment need not isolated more than a few days because the medicine works quickly so reduce the likelihood of transmission. But patients who experienced coughing and did not undergo treatment on a regular basis, need longer isolated because of contagious disease
Patients are usually no longer can transmit the disease After undergoing treatment for 10-14 days.



Friday, May 21, 2010

0 Neisseria infection


DEFINITIONS
Menigitidis Neisseria (meningococcus) is a gram-negative cocci bacteria that live naturally in the body manusis. Meningococcus can cause infection of the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord (meningitis), blood infections and other severe infections in adults and children.
Neisseria gonorhoeae, also a gram-negative cocci naturally in humans, which causes gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease that can be related to the urethra, vagina and anus and may spread to the joints.
Many species of Neisseria that normally live in the throat and mouth, vagina and intestine, but they rarely cause infeksi.Neisseria menigitidis (meningococcus) is a gram-negative cocci bacteria that naturally live in the human body.
Meningococcus can cause infection in the lining of the brain and spinal cord wrapping (meningitis), blood infections and other severe infections in adults and children.

Neisseria gonorhoeae, also a gram-negative cocci naturally in humans, which causes gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease that can be related to the urethra, vagina and anus and may spread to the joints.

Neisseria many species that normally live in the throat and mouth, vagina and intestine, but they rarely cause infections.

0 Rat Bite Fever



DEFINITIONS
Rat bite fever is an infection caused by one of two different bacteria, which is transmitted through bites of rodents.

More than 10%, rat bites cause rat bite fever. The disease is mainly found among Jewish ghetto, homeless and biomedical laboratory personnel.

Outbreaks of infection is never associated with people who drink water that is not pasteurized (heated / cooked until 70? Celsius to eradicate germs) and contaminated milk.
If the bacteria spread through the way as above, then the illness is called Haverhill fever. But usually occurs after the bite of an infected mice or mice infected.
Sometimes the infection is transmitted through the squirrels or other rodents.


SODOKU

Represents another type of rat bite fever caused by a spirochaete Spirillum minus.
These infections are found mostly in Asia. Also transmitted through the bite of a rat or mouse bites sometimes.

The wound is usually healed perfectly, but the inflammation occurs within 4-28 days after the bite (usually more than 10 days). Inflammation is accompanied by fever arising from lost-and enlarged lymph nodes in the affected area. Occasional patches of redness.
Other symptoms such as headache and fatigue arising during the period of fever.
If untreated, the fever will come back every 2-4 days during the eight weeks and sometimes for up to one year.

Diagnosis with the discovery of bacteria in the blood. Or it could be taken from tissue samples of the reddish or lymph nodes.

Penicillin administered per-orally (by mouth) or intravenously (through the veins). For patients allergic to penicillin can be replaced with tetracycline.

CAUSE
Bacteria Streptobacillus moniliformis, which is the bacteria that live in the mouth and throat healthy rats.

SYMPTOMS
Initial injury usually recover completely. But within 1-22 days after the bite (usually less than 10 days), suddenly arise chills, fever, vomiting, headache, backache and joint pain.
After three days, small red spots appear on the hands and feet.

In some patients, there was swelling of the joints followed by pain during the first week, and if not treated may continue until several days or several months.
Sometimes serious complications can occur such as heart valve infections and abscesses of the brain or other tissue.

DIAGNOSIS
To find a bacterial cause, created the blood or joint fluid cultures.

TREATMENT
Penicillin given either per-orally (by mouth) or intravenously (through the veins).
For patients allergic to penicillin, erythromycin may be substituted.

0 Lung Abscess


DEFINITIONS
Lung abscess is defined as the death of lung tissue and the formation of cavities that contain dead cells, or fluids due to bacterial infection.

CAUSE
Most lung abscesses arise as a complication of aspiration pneumonia caused by anaerobic bacteria in the mouth. Patients with lung abscesses usually have a periodontal problem (the tissues around the teeth).
A number of bacteria originating from the gap down to the gums and cause lower respiratory infections. The body has a defense system against this kind of infection so that infection only occurs when the body's defense system is on the decline, such as those found at:
- Someone who is unconscious or very drowsy because of the influence of sedatives, drugs or alcohol abuse
- Patients with nervous system diseases.
If the bacteria can not be destroyed by the body's defense mechanism, then there will be aspiration pneumonia and within 7-14 days and then developed into necrosis (tissue death), which ended with the formation of an abscess.

Other lung abscess formation mechanism is bacteremia or endocarditis valve trikuspidalis, due to septic emboli in the lungs.

In 89% of cases, the cause is an anaerobic bacterium.
The most frequent are Peptostreptococcus, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and Streptococcus Microaerophilic.

Another organism that is not too frequent cause of lung abscess are:
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Actinomyces and Nocardia species
- Basil Gram negative.

Causes of non-bacteria can also cause lung abscesses, among others:
- Parasites (Paragonimus, Entamoeba)
- Fungus (Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides
- Mycobacteria.

SYMPTOMS
Initial symptoms resemble pneumonia:
- Fatigue
- Loss of appetite
- Decreased body weight
- Sweating
- Fever
- Cough with phlegm.

Sputum may contain blood.
Foul-smelling sputum is often because the bacteria from your mouth or throat tend to produce foul odors.

When breathing, the patient could also feel chest pain, especially if there has been inflammation of the pleura.

DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis of lung abscess can not be enforced only by symptoms that resemble pneumonia or physical examination alone.
Allegedly a lung abscess if symptoms that resemble pneumonia occurred in the following circumstances:
- Nervous system disorders
- Abuse of alcohol or other drugs
- Impairment of consciousness because of various reasons.

Chest X-rays often can show the existence of lung abscess. Lung abscess appears as a cavity with an irregular shape and inside it looks border air and liquids.
Lung abscess due to aspiration of the most frequently attacked the posterior segment of lung lobes or superior segment of lower lobe lung.
Lung abscess wall thickness varies, can be thin or thick, the boundary can be clearly or vaguely. The walls may be smooth or rough.
A clearer picture can be seen on CT scans.

Culturing the sputum from the lungs to help determine the organism causes abscesses.

TREATMENT
For complete healing required antibiotics, either intravenously (through veins) as well as per-oral (by mouth).
This treatment was continued until the symptoms disappeared and chest X-rays showed that the abscess had healed. To achieve these improvements, antibiotics are usually given for 4-6 weeks. In the large cavity (diameter more than 6 cm), usually long-term therapy needs to be done.

Clinical improvement, ie decrease in body temperature, usually occurs within 3-4 days after administration of antibiotics. If within 7-10 days after administration of antibiotics fever does not go down too, meaning there has been a failure of therapy and diagnostic tests should be carried further to determine the cause of the failures.
Things that need to be considered in patients who respond poorly to antibiotic treatment is bronchial obstruction by foreign objects or tumors, or infections by bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi resistant.

In lung abscess without surgical complication is very rare. Indications of surgery is usually a failure of medical therapy, suspicion of tumor or deformity congenital lung.
The procedures performed are lobectomy or pneumonectomy.

The mortality rate due to lung abscess reached 5%. This figure is higher if patients have immune system disorders, lung cancer or a very large abscess.

Thursday, May 20, 2010

1 Baldness (alopecia)



DEFINITIONS
Baldness (alopecia) is the loss of some or all of the hair.

Along with age, in men and women will decrease hair density.
Male pattern baldness has specifically related to the hormone testosterone. If a man does not produce testosterone (because of genetic abnormalities or castration), then he will have no such pattern baldness.
Women also have a special pattern baldness.

Alopecia occurs most often on the scalp, usually occurs gradually and may lose all scalp hair (alopecia Totalis) or only in the form of patches on the scalp.
Approximately 25% of men begin to experience hair loss at age 30 years and about two-thirds of men become bald at the age of 60 years.

The average scalp contains 100 000 hairs every day, an average of 100 strands of hair missing from her head.
Each strand of hair was 4.5 years, with growth of about 1 cm / month. Usually in year 5 and the hair will fall out within 6 months will be replaced by new hair.
Derived baldness caused by the failure of the body to form the new hair, not because of excessive hair loss.

CAUSE
- The causes can be: Descent
- Aging
-Changes in hormone
- Fever
- State of the local skin
- Systemic Disease
- Certain medications, such as those used to treat cancer or excessive vitamin A
- Use shampoo and hair dryer excessive
- Stress emotional or physical stress
- Behavior anxiety (hair pulling habit or scratching his scalp)
- Burns
- Radiation therapy
- Tinea capitis
- Trichotillomania.

SYMPTOMS
Male pattern baldness

Male pattern baldness is a particular pattern of baldness in men, caused by hormonal changes and heredity.

Baldness is due to the reduction of hair follicles that produce hair is shorter and softer. The end result of this situation is a very small hair follicles, which do not have hair.
The cause of the failure of new hair growth is not fully understood, but it is related to heredity and hormones androgens, primarily dihydrotestosterone from testosterone.

Male pattern baldness begins at the hairline, gradually, the hairline back form letter M.
Hair becomes finer and does not grow along earlier.
The hair on the crown also begins to thin and eventually the top end of the M-shaped hairline met with a thinning crown, forming a horseshoe-like hair loss.

DIAGNOSIS
Simply determine the type of baldness is only through the observation is sometimes difficult, because the skin biopsy was performed to help establish the diagnosis.
With a biopsy can be known state of the roots of the hair so that it can be determined the cause of baldness.

Male and female pattern baldness is usually diagnosed based on the pattern and picture of hair loss.

TREATMENT
Hair loss due to disease, radiation therapy or drug consumption, does not require special treatment.
If the illness get better or if treatment is stopped, the hair will grow back normally.
During the hair is still in growth, the patient can use a wig, hat, or other headgear.

Male and female pattern baldness is permanent. If patients do not feel disturbed by his appearance, hence require no treatment.

There are two types of drugs used to treat male and female pattern baldness are minoxidil and propesia.
Minoxidil applied directly to the scalp. These drugs can slow hair loss, but when its use is stopped, then the baldness will come back.
Propesia inhibit the formation of hormones that play a role in the occurrence of baldness. This drug is more effective than minoxidil and no effect on serum testosterone in the body.

Hair transplantation is done by lifting a small collection of hair from areas where hair is still growing and place them in areas experiencing baldness.
This can cause the formation of scar tissue in the donor area with a low risk of infection.
This procedure may be performed repeatedly and is expensive.

Another way that is safe and not too costly to overcome male and female pattern baldness is a sweeping change hair style or using a wig.

For the treatment of alopecia areata can do the following:
- Topical corticosteroids (applied directly to the scalp)
- Steroid injections subcutaneously (under the skin)
- Ultraviolet light therapy
- Applying materials to the area's bald iritatif to stimulate regrowth.

In trichotillomania, hair shaved head can maintain, but does not address the root of the problem.
Parents should help find the problem and get involved in treatment.
It is advisable to undergo psychological examinations.

PREVENTION
The following tips may help maintain healthy hair and hair loss can be minimized:

1. Eating a nutritious balanced diet.
2. Handle your hair gently. If possible, let your hair dry naturally.
3. Avoid tight hairstyles like braids, a bun or ponytail.
4. Avoid twisting, rubbing or pulling your hair.
5. Check with an expert hair care about hair styles or techniques that can help reduce the
effects of balding.
6. Drug minoxidil encourages new hair growth and prevent further hair loss in some people.
Other OTC hair growth products are not proven to have merit.